Types of Biological Treatment Methods

• Anaerobic Treatment (Without Oxygen):
  Uses bacteria to decompose organic matter in oxygen-free environments, producing biogas that can be reused as renewable energy.


• Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB):
  Wastewater flows through a sludge blanket where microorganisms convert organics into methane. Gas is recovered for fuel use.


• Aerobic Treatment (With Oxygen):
  Microorganisms consume organic matter and release carbon dioxide. Requires blowers and diffusers to maintain oxygen levels.


• Activated Sludge Process (ASP):
  Forms activated sludge flocs that break down pollutants. Operates in aeration tanks for 6–8 hours, offering high BOD and COD removal efficiency.


• Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR):
  A batch-process variant of ASP, ideal for space-constrained sites. Operates in 5 phases: Fill → React → Settle → Decant → Idle.


• Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR):
  Combines suspended and attached growth using plastic media for biofilm support. Increases treatment efficiency while reducing footprint.


• Membrane Bioreactor (MBR):
  Integrates biological treatment with micro/ultrafiltration membranes to produce high-quality, reusable effluent.